State secondary school vs Private (independent) secondary
Side-by-side comparison, when-to-use-each guide, and instant conversion. Reviewed for 2026.
Most UK families — state schools including grammar schools provide excellent education free.
Specific needs (sport, music, boarding), grammar school equivalent without grammar school location, networks.
| Aspect | State secondary school | Private (independent) secondary |
|---|---|---|
| Cost | Free (state) / Some religious | £10k-£45k/year |
| Class size | 25-30 average | 8-15 average |
| GCSE results | Strong in good state schools | Better average, but context matters |
| VAT on fees | Added from Jan 2025 (20%) | Yes |
| Application process | Catchment/faith/grammar entry | Entrance exam + interview |
Frequently asked
Is private school worth the cost?
The evidence is that much of the private school advantage is explained by selection (more advantaged families), class size, and additional resources. For a child in a good state school, the marginal benefit over the lifetime may be smaller than the fees invested. Individual circumstances (school quality in your area, specific child needs) matter enormously.
Did VAT on private school fees change things?
From January 2025, private school fees became subject to 20% VAT. Average annual fees rose by ~£3,000-5,000 as a result. Some schools absorbed part of the rise; others passed it on. Entrance to private schools dipped 4-6% in the first year, with some schools offering more bursaries.